Popular Ideas and Designs
A bedroom is an area in the house where we spend one-third of our daily time there, assuming an ideal sleeping time of 8 hours and is an extremely important room. When you are having the biggest room (also known as the master room), then most likely there will be a toilet or shower room attached to your bedroom. With or without added room, it could be a space area that is too small for an owner to move around. Therefore, it is essential to get the right bedroom design solution, from engaging a professional and experienced interior designer to Do-It-Yourself (DIY).
Work on the ceiling by having it to be painted of brighter colours and never use dark as the finishing since the absorption of light will make the ceiling look lower. Furthermore, can install lighting that has is brighter to boost the impact of the bright-painted coloured ceiling. It is the same when we apply to the wall, from the colour choice to lighting brightness although we can also direct the natural sunlight during day time by catching the right direction and design of windows.
Work on the ceiling by having it to be painted of brighter colours and never use dark as the finishing since the absorption of light will make the ceiling look lower. Furthermore, can install lighting that has is brighter to boost the impact of the bright-painted coloured ceiling. It is the same when we apply to the wall, from the colour choice to lighting brightness although we can also direct the natural sunlight during day time by catching the right direction and design of windows.
There are few ways to make some classical bathroom designs such as the traditional, both contemporary or modern, mid-century, minimalist, eclectic, Asian and art deco. In term of traditional, the more or less key elements that we will be focusing would be the materials and finishes applied for such style. The wall and floor tiles which exposed the most to the owner shall be installed with finishing with the penny, subway or hexagonal feel of vintage, before touching the countertops by using slate, stone or granite. Even though the contemporary and modern are similar, while the modernized bathroom is going more on the "Now" which is simple-oriented but yet contemporary is having a tendency toward futurism.
Midcentury is, on the other hand, focus on architectural furniture and fixtures that are popular in the middle of the nineteenth century. A minimalist design might take away toiletries and uses a lot of shelves and built-in cabinets for space-opening without many obstructive items. One style that might allow the owner to allocate diverse ideas to the bathroom, called as eclectic but yet its colour mix-and-match shall be followed principally. Asian oriented fashion works on the incorporation of elements including stone, wood as well as outdoor materials. Craftsman rich and visually fulfilling artwork such as durable marble is highly applicable when coming to Art Deco style that has been emphasized since world war one.
Midcentury is, on the other hand, focus on architectural furniture and fixtures that are popular in the middle of the nineteenth century. A minimalist design might take away toiletries and uses a lot of shelves and built-in cabinets for space-opening without many obstructive items. One style that might allow the owner to allocate diverse ideas to the bathroom, called as eclectic but yet its colour mix-and-match shall be followed principally. Asian oriented fashion works on the incorporation of elements including stone, wood as well as outdoor materials. Craftsman rich and visually fulfilling artwork such as durable marble is highly applicable when coming to Art Deco style that has been emphasized since world war one.
There are many types of materials can be used for the fabrication of the kitchen cabinet, such as stainless steel, plywood, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard with melamine, fiberboard, hardwood, wood veneer and more. Timber is the most popular material for a kitchen cabinet, and species that can be applied to build the cabinet are such as, red oak, white oak, pine, ash, cherry, birch, hickory, hard maple but yet all of them have their pros and cons. The natural wood appearance elevates certain design theme. Its customizable feature make a wide variety of patterns available, as well as the health benefits of these durable materials to the users of a kitchen, shall not be forgotten.
Many people today also go for stainless steel since it requires minimal upkeep that no mould, fungus, bacteria and liquids will be able to penetrate while enjoying the privileges of resistance against heat, moisture, chemical and later, highly reliable and sustainable. Moreover, we have the MDF that does not warp under even though it reacts to humidity, temperature or any sudden changes. Similarly, melamine that provides smooth and durable laminated plastic saves the cost of getting painted and stained onto their surfaces. The application of wood veneer that consists of multiple layers that stick together will make buyers less headache since less as less likely the cracking and splitting will occur. Suitability is high as long as the material is waterproof and robust to withstand multiple elements since the kitchen is an area that exposes to high humidity, fluctuation of hot temperature, a spill of oil, chemical and water.
Many people today also go for stainless steel since it requires minimal upkeep that no mould, fungus, bacteria and liquids will be able to penetrate while enjoying the privileges of resistance against heat, moisture, chemical and later, highly reliable and sustainable. Moreover, we have the MDF that does not warp under even though it reacts to humidity, temperature or any sudden changes. Similarly, melamine that provides smooth and durable laminated plastic saves the cost of getting painted and stained onto their surfaces. The application of wood veneer that consists of multiple layers that stick together will make buyers less headache since less as less likely the cracking and splitting will occur. Suitability is high as long as the material is waterproof and robust to withstand multiple elements since the kitchen is an area that exposes to high humidity, fluctuation of hot temperature, a spill of oil, chemical and water.
Concrete paver is a rigid flooring material that can be installed as your outdoor interlocking patio, for the application of driveway and walkway. Comparing to the choice of concreting the floor, paver seems a wiser selection as in the tendency of getting crack is lower over certain period of time. Imagining concrete slab was to be chosen for an important garden that aesthetic shall be close to perfect and therefore, any cracking will cause the whole piece to be replaced. On the contrary to the substituation of cracked individual paver piece, since loose concrete paver that can hold up basically 2.5 times more than the compatible poured concrete (over 1360kg per square inch of pressure).
The mix and match of concrete pavers can also be possible from its diverseness such as shape, colour, texture and thickness. Designers can play around with the paver laying pattern, fully utilizing the advantages of concrete pavers in the landscaping field. Depending on the overview of landscape design, paving are open-ended with unrestrained possibilities. For instance, 36 inches width of walkway is standard for two people but yet, some might just consign up to 48 inches to make walker more comfortable side-by-side along the way.
The mix and match of concrete pavers can also be possible from its diverseness such as shape, colour, texture and thickness. Designers can play around with the paver laying pattern, fully utilizing the advantages of concrete pavers in the landscaping field. Depending on the overview of landscape design, paving are open-ended with unrestrained possibilities. For instance, 36 inches width of walkway is standard for two people but yet, some might just consign up to 48 inches to make walker more comfortable side-by-side along the way.
Contemporary Living Room can be designed as a present basis, and the emphasis has to do with the shape, line as well as the form in addition to the application of neutral colour tones. Colour is one of the elements, but it is vital to include also texture, lighting and orientation of various materials within the living room. The installation of windows that are large in size is one of the good ideas, for the sake of minimizing the obstructed view to show the connectivity between outdoor and indoor.
From the perspective of furniture style in a contemporary theme, surfaces with a lighter wooden tone that simply presented in a clear straight line will enhance the propulsion. Offsetting its intelligibility through wall paint colours that are not too be at odds with carpentry settings further improve the feeling of contemporary design. Coupled with an appropriate skylights' natural headlight, an openness that contrast the characteristics of asymmetric and dauntless shapes for home finishes create a bold engraving scenery. Tidy and cleanliness exclusively worked by the appearance of material selection such as metal accent improve the overall message of this interior concept.
From the perspective of furniture style in a contemporary theme, surfaces with a lighter wooden tone that simply presented in a clear straight line will enhance the propulsion. Offsetting its intelligibility through wall paint colours that are not too be at odds with carpentry settings further improve the feeling of contemporary design. Coupled with an appropriate skylights' natural headlight, an openness that contrast the characteristics of asymmetric and dauntless shapes for home finishes create a bold engraving scenery. Tidy and cleanliness exclusively worked by the appearance of material selection such as metal accent improve the overall message of this interior concept.
Modern Kitchen Design has an almost infinite of style available and is a field that constantly changing with the social environment and functional need. Kitchen is not a section that requires for all modern houses design especially SOHO unit but for a newly formed family kitchen is the soul of a house and dream house kitchen is part of the soul. After all who does not like a home-cooked meal? A modern kitchen might be very hard to attain but every journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. To begin a modern kitchen design, there are few challenges that worth mentioning. Spacing is the first key towards a good design of the kitchen and must put into one of the top priority. Adjusting the spacing for sinks, refrigerator, stove, tabletop, kitchen cabinets, etc to ensure a normal kitchen can be fully functioning. In modern housing such as condominium, apartment, terrace or link house, bungalow, and semi-d house. For a much smaller space houses like the high-rise unit condo and apartment, kitchen space is much more precious and need to adjust to fit everything inside. From the above picture that taken on a condo unit near the Petaling Jaya PJ, the style uses Peninsula kitchen or similar to an L shaped kitchen with island (refrigerator) on the side to keep the space wide enough for cooking and walking. The dining area is also set with a small dining table suitable for the average household size of Malaysia (less than 5 people). Smaller cabinet and chair also consume lesser space and provide more extra space for other functional purposes.
Architectural glass is the usage of glass as the building material. Glass is also referred to as silicate glasses because it is mainly made up of silica and other side minerals like soda and lime. Mixing the mineral, smelt it, shape it according to needs, cooling and finally a glass is formed.
Introduction
Glass is a very popular in many building and home design. This is because of the optical transparency that a glass posses and also flexibility to shape into any form. Glass are differentiated to many types for its versatility. Porcelain and also polymer thermoplastic have many similarities with glass and often become the alternative choices. Glass product is usually heavier than a polymer glass(Acrylic Glass, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polycarbonate) so the polymer glass act as a lighter alternative glass.
Cement is usually the binder material to produce one of the oldest and most common building material concrete. Concrete is the composition of cement, sand, gravel, and water. It is so versatile that it can be seen anywhere especially in the urban city infrastructure like bridges, station, roads, docks, skyscrapers, buildings, etc. Its usually has a high compressive strength and last very long. The Colosseum of Rome that was largely built with concrete can still be seen and standing even after thousands of years.
Introduction
Concrete mixture can come in a ready-mix form which is manufactured from a batch plant and send to a site or a precast factory either in plastic state or dry state. They are usually transported by heavy machine like an in-transit mixer and the volumetric concrete mixer. Ready-mixed concrete(RMC) is usually more quality assured because they are placed under controlled environment and mix with a consistent amount and quality material. To built a reinforced concrete just add in the rebar steel before pouring cement mixture. Furthermore, on-site mixing concrete usually causes more pollution for the area and required more time and cost for onsite mixing. Another common material of cement is the mortar or refer as masonry cement. This paste material is used to do masonry construction for the brick, block, stone, tile to form a structure like a wall, slab, roof, beam, column, etc. Mortar is usually the composite material of aggregates and cement. Mortar and concrete can be sell in a pack like cement and just adds water to start to use it.
Brick is one of the common building material that is usually used for wall, flooring, decoration or any related masonry construction. Bricks consider as one of the strongest and long-lasting building materials because many of ancient building that still standing or exists right now are mostly made from bricks. They are usually laid and bond in patterns to make a durable and strong structure like a wall, column or beam. The thing that keeps them bond together is usually workable paste like mortar. After the structure is formed, the surface is usually rough and uneven so plastering is needed to smooth out the surface before any painting can be done.
Aluminium is a shiny metal element that conducts heat and electricity very well. This metal is so malleable that is able to form in various shapes and size due to its ductility. Although aluminium electric conductivity is not as good as copper, the heat conductivity it poses are better than copper that makes it a good material for making cookware. Furthermore, a bare wire of aluminum is less than the weight of a bare of copper wire which also results in a much more inexpensive alternative.
Steel is iron that removed most of the impurities and contains a consistent concentration of carbon. Those impurities like phosphorus, sulfur, silica, oxygen, nitrogen, and copper weaken steel significantly. Steel is one the most recyclable material in the world because of it economically favorable and the process does not downgrade it but make it same again. Steel is sometimes also referred to as iron alloy but that would include wrought iron and cast iron.
Introduction
Cast iron posses higher content of carbon(2% to 4%) and impurities which make it hard, brittle and non-malleable whereas wrought iron with low carbon content less than 0.08% are more malleable and higher tensile strength. The famous Eiffel Tower in France was mainly built from this wrought iron and was once held the tallest man-made structure in the world. Wrought iron was once favorite material to be used on structure building but now is greatly replace with mild steel because of advanced technology. All this was to thank Bessemer converter in the 19th century and the following advanced improvement which makes the production of steel much more economical and quicker. The advantages of steel over other iron alloy is greater balanced in tensile strength, ductility, and versatility.Applications
Steel is normally separated into two type, one is carbon steel and another stainless steel. Carbon steel or plain-carbon steek is the most productive steel in steel manufacturing. Carbon steel is the composition of mostly iron and carbon. It can be classified into 4 type by the difference of carbon contained in it, low-carbon steel(0.05%-0.30%), medium-carbon steel(0.3%-0.8%), high-carbon steel(0.8%-2.0%), and ultra-high-carbon steel(3.25%-4%). Low-carbon steel or normally refer to as mild steel is the most common form of carbon steel because the price is much more economical and able to use on many applications. Mild steel is so versatile because it's easy to work with, ductile and less brittle. After a form or shape is made, carburizing can be applied to the mild steel to increase its surface hardness. It usually used to make structural steel like roof covering, reinforced cement concrete, rail track, transmission towers, etc. High carbon steel has a greater hardness than low carbon steel and also able to withstand shocks and vibrations. It has great in strength so it was usually used for making tools such as drills, cutting tools, heavy machinery, etc. Unlike stainless steel, most carbon steel has poor corrosion resistance so corrosive environment is not recommended unless certain protective coating, waterproofing or paint is used.
Geosynthetics refers to a synthetic product that made from a polymeric material that helps in most civil engineering purposes. The polymers that manufacture the geosynthetic product are mainly polyethylene(PE), polypropylene(PP), polyvinyl chloride(PVC), polystyrene(PS), polyethylene terephthalate(PET), polyamide Nylon(PA).
Introduction
In overall, geosynthetics usually provide the important functions of separation, drainage, moisture barrier, reinforcement, and filtration. The installation is usually placed inside the soil, surface or as a separation layer of different soil which eventually strengthening or protecting the soil from erosion. The application of geosynthetic is usually found on transportation, environmental, marine, geotechnical and other infrastructure such as bridge, railroad, waste landfill, revetments, canals, etc. Geosynthetics contain many products with different function so in general, these synthetic products are separated into geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, geocomposites, and others.Applications
Geotextiles is one of the largest produce geosynthetics. They are indeed produced as the traditional way of textiles but the difference is that the material is synthetic fiber rather than silk, cotton, flax, ramie or wool. The production method results on geotextile porous to water flow and enables it to provide the major function of strengthening and protecting the soil by draining the water in it without mixing or losing the soil. Geotextiles are usually lightweight, easy to work with, high tensile strength, corrosion resistance and mildew resistant. However, normal geotextiles usually have a low UV resistance so a direct UV radiation will easily be aging the product. Often adding coating or avoid direct sunlight exposure will preserve its durability and wear resistant. Geotextile is commonly produced in sheet form(packaged in roll form) and after it produces it can be made into other useful product such as geotextile sandbag.
Polymer foam or generally refer as foam in construction term is a solid or liquid product that formed from a polymer material. The solidity of foam is dependent on the amount of air bubble or air tunnels in it when mixing the solid and gas phase of the polymer material. It is a very versatile material ranging from food containers to sound insulation material for room or building.
Introduction
The common polymer that made up this foam includes polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), etc. This kind of material is so widely used because they are usually low in density, lightweight and can be made into a flexible or rigid product. Certain polymer materials also able to provide the extra feature of thermal resistant, sound insulation, shock absorption, moisture resistance, etc. Although polymer foam is very useful in many fields, it raises a concern in construction for it's usually not being environmentally friendly and not a green product.Applications
One of the most common forms is the soundproof foam or some also refer to acoustic foam. The foam is usually in egg box style like damping structure is design to increase the distance between source and receiver by acting as a noise barrier to damping the sound wave. Soundproofing foam does not entirely block the sound through a panel or wall but rather good at reducing the echoes in a room. Although there are still better soundproofing methods like sheetrock and brick materials, adding mass and renovate a complete room or house are not likely to be happening if you want a fast and economical solution. The foam can be made in several different thickness, sizes, and colors. It is commonly attached to wall, ceiling and also a door. Certain soundproofing foam also got the extra feature of fire retardants which slow down or stop the fire spread. Commonly Space or room that commonly using this foam is the gymnasium and also the music studio.
Polyethylene(PE) is a common polymer in plastics. It was widely used in our daily life for many different purposes. PE is usually produced in different grade for different usage. HDPE or high-density polyethylene was composed of mostly linear polymers. This linear form has the better characteristic on tighter, denser and more organized structures compare to Medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) and Low-density polyethylene (LDPE). HDPE is a harder plastic with a high melting point and sinks in the alcohol-water mixture. HDPE is also good at electrical insulation, cold resistance, chemical stability, resistant to corrosion, wear resistance and high tensile strength. This material is commonly recycled and has an SPI resin ID code of 2. HDPE can be produced in a different color but the original is translucent. It is widely used in today's, piping, geomembranes, containers, plastic lumber(PL), etc.
Epoxy is a thermosetting polymer which is the end products of epoxy resin that is a very versatile resin that normally used as a coating for product or material. The coating usually provides extra strength, least susceptible to scratching, fading, chemicals, cracking or staining.
Introduction
The usage includes in metal coating, paint brush manufacturing, structural adhesives, electronic component glue, etc. Above all these usages, epoxy flooring is the most common usage of all. Epoxy flooring has the feature of a smooth surface, easy to clean, wear resistant, scratch resistant, water resistant and chemical resistance. Another competitive and alternative for flooring that has almost the same criteria of epoxy flooring would be the polyurethane flooring. On a certain case, they both can perform the same or overlap each feature so they are compared herein generally only.
Sanitary ware & fittings are important internal equipment for a building. It usages ranging from accessories, washing, collecting and discharging sewage waste or water from the daily usage of a building or room. Sanitary ware & fittings can be found mostly in toilets and bathroom but occasionally it can found in a garden or an outdoor place like a swimming pool. It can usually refer to equipment like a toilet bowl, cisterns, urinals, washbasin, shower set, hanger, etc. Most sanitary ware & fittings materials were made up of ceramics, enamel cast iron, enameled steel plates, and terrazzo. Other new materials include fiberglass(FRP), cultured marble(man-made marble), Imitation stone, stainless steel, etc. The normal requirement for sanitary ware was smooth in surface, ease of installation and low in cost but now as new culture and technology being set in it is now required to be beautiful appearance, energy saving and also sound insulation.
Gypsum is an evaporite mineral that looks like white sand and usually found in massive beds that appear in pink, yellow or gray due to impurities. Although gypsum is usually the material that used to make drywall, the mineral itself actually contains a large amount of water which make the chemical composite is CaSO4 2H2O which similar to Anhydrite(CaSO4). The reason behind this is that the water in gypsum the is in crystalline form which ends up making individual molecules of gypsum to be dry. These crystalline water also provide the gypsum with a very good fire-resistance. When a gypsum product is getting hot, the crystalline water will destabilize and begin vaporizing as the water reaches its boiling point resulting in product cooling hence protecting product itself. The construction product that uses gypsum is usually excellent in sound insulation, heat insulation, and fire-resistance. The gypsum can also produce in a paste form to harden or solidified certain product or material. Gypsum usually uses in the manufacturing of wallboard(drywall, gypsum board), cement additive, plaster of Paris(pasty composition), hardening retarder in portland cement, etc.
Tarpaulin is a very strong, flexible, water-resistant product, that usually used for vehicle storage cover and built tents or canopy. Other usages also include raincoat material, building material cover, backpack, water resistant shoes, banner, etc. Tarpaulin can also be used in emergency situations such as covering damages windows or leaking roof. Often is the thickness and the material of tarpaulin determine the category of usage("super heavy duty", "heavy duty", "regular duty"). In order to increase its usefulness, the corner of the tarpaulins sheet will often add in grommets to act as an anchor point for ropes to tie down or suspended. Tarpaulin can be very versatile even after produced, one can form different layout by just sewing with a simple machine or glue it using a welding heat gun and also low maintenance and repair cost.
Acrylic or acrylic glass is also known by its trade name Crylux, Plexiglas, Perspex, Acrylite, and Lucite or the scientific name Polymethyl Methacrylate(PMMA). The acrylic is a transparent plastic that often uses as the replacement for glass as it has characteristics of lightweight and also shatterproof. The material can also be used as a casting resin to make waterproofing, translucent effect, etc. Some modern painting can be found contain acrylic as the acrylic doesn't dissolve in a humid environment and hence able to protect the painting.
Introduction
Acrylic glass has the characteristic of high transparency, high tensile strength, high flexibility, polishable, heat and chemical resistance, and UV tolerance. Although most acrylic glass tends to be brittle when under high impact force but the material itself is much more light and stronger than most glass and able add color and texture to the surface. When the acrylic glass surface contains any scratches it would only need a simple polish and the scratch will be gone. Furthermore, acrylic is more favorable to be export since is stronger than glass and lesser in weight which is very ideal for e-commerce.
Heavy equipment and machines are heavy-duty vehicles that are specially designed to work on construction tasks like earthwork operations, bulldozers, forklifts, cranes, shovels, backhoes etc. It is often referred to as hydraulic machines because most of this machine uses the basic principle of that hydraulic system to operate.